IGCSE Directed Writing Explained: A Comprehensive Guide
- What is Directed Writing in CIE IGCSE?
- Key Elements of Successful Directed Writing
- How to Approach an IGCSE Directed Writing Task
- Common Mistakes in IGCSE Directed Writing and How to Avoid Them
- Example of a Weak IGCSE English Directed Writing Response
- Example of a Strong IGCSE English Directed Writing Response
- How BartyED’s IGCSE English Tutors Can Help with Directed Writing
Section A of paper 2 of the Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE First Language English exam focuses on directed writing. This task requires candidates to answer one compulsory question on one or two texts with CIE suggesting that responses be between 250 and 350 words. Directed writing is an important component of the CIE IGCSE English paper 2 exam as it is one of only two tasks listed on the exam paper and amounts to half of the entire paper’s score. Moreover, paper 2 represents 50% of a student’s total subject score. So, for exam success, it is vital that CIE IGCSE English candidates produce high scoring work in response to the directed writing portion of paper 2.
What is Directed Writing in CIE IGCSE?
Directed writing in CIE IGCSE English is an exam task where candidates produce a written response to one or two stimulus texts, following specific instructions on purpose, audience, and format.
There are three purposes that CIE candidates will encounter:
Discursive
Persuasive
Argumentative
Regarding the format, students may be required to compose a response in one of the following three forms:
A speech
A letter
An article
The aim of the directed writing portion of the CIE IGCSE English examination is not simply to assess a student’s writing ability. The task also investigates how well a student can incorporate evidence into their writing from the one or two stimulus texts they have read, as well as whether or not they can write to a specific purpose and with a select audience in mind.
Key Elements of Successful Directed Writing
Understanding Audience and Purpose
To ensure a highly marked section A of the CIE IGCSE English paper 2, students must be aware of both audience and purpose. In each directed writing prompt a candidate encounters, from test papers and mock exams to the real thing, there will always be clear instruction as to who the text should be written for. In some cases it may be a friend, in others an auditorium of schoolmates and teachers, or possibly a local politician. Similarly, the purpose of a text will be outlined in the prompt. Candidates may be asked to write discursively, persuasively, or argumentatively and, so, should understand the implications of these purposes. Ultimately, through the alteration of both tone and style, all writing must be appropriately directed towards the audience and purpose as listed in the prompt.
Structure and Organisation
One of the most important components of the directed writing task for CIE IGCSE English is the structure and organisation of a candidate’s response. When a prompt requires students to write in the form of a letter, this must be the format expressed on the page. Similarly with a speech or magazine article. Failure to follow the prompt’s instructions means valuable marks will be lost. So, it is crucial that students are aware of the layout of a formal and informal letter, as well the importance of using a title and subheadings when writing an article.
Aside from these specifications, it can be useful for students to follow a five paragraph structure made up of an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. This allows candidates to introduce their thesis, explore it in some detail (including a counterargument, if necessary), and conclude with a brief restatement of the text’s purpose.
Adopt the Appropriate Language and Style
It is vital that CIE IGCSE candidates match their language and writing style to the directed writing prompt. If this is not achieved, a limited number of marks can be awarded. So, when approaching a question be aware of what it is requiring and the implications of both purpose and audience.
Regardless of tone—be it formal or informal—students should attempt to write an engaging text that illustrates their mastery of the language. This can represent itself through the use of literary devices and rhetorical/persuasive techniques. The type of response required from a student will help to direct the writing towards certain techniques so, once again, CIE IGCSE English learners should read all prompts carefully.
Referencing the Source Text
What marks directed writing as different from other written tasks is the need to reference one or two source texts. In Paper 2 of the CIE IGCSE English exam students will be presented with one or two stimulus texts and a corresponding prompt. Students must incorporate information from these sources into their response. This means taking care when reading to recognise the key points from the source material. In addition, students must be adept at incorporating quotations into their writing. However, it is not a good idea to overly rely on direct quotations. Thus, it is essential that students learn how to paraphrase correctly. Put simply, great care should be taken to correctly reference the source text(s), with a failure to do so costing valuable marks.
How to Approach an IGCSE Directed Writing Task
Step 1: Read the Prompt Carefully
While it may sound obvious, it is essential to carefully read the directed writing prompt before beginning any work. The prompt lays out all the relevant information and requirements students must be aware of before writing, i.e. the format, purpose, and audience for their text. In fact, it is beneficial to read the prompt before even looking at the stimulus texts. This way, CIE IGCSE English candidates know what it is to look out for.
Step 2: Plan Your Response
Before beginning any writing, it is a good idea to plan out a response. This can begin by highlighting all the relevant details mentioned in the prompt. Next, students can use the stimulus texts to help direct each body paragraph, building paragraphs around paraphrased quotations from the original texts. Using the five paragraph essay structure—introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion—can be a successful way to structure an essay. Similarly, developing each body paragraph around the PEEL model—point, evidence, explain, link to question—is also advisable.
Step 3: Write Clearly and Concisely
The CIE IGCSE directed writing task emphasises brevity. The recommended length for a response is between 250 and 350 words. So, students should take care to maintain a clear focus in their writing. For some, this can be quite challenging. If that is the case, leaving time at the end to proofread is vital as this will allow CIE IGCE English candidates to catch any digressions before handing over their paper. In addition, it is important to write clearly. It can be easy to produce a hurried scrawl during a written exam, it makes life harder for the examiner. While examiners are not strictly marking for legibility it can indeed play a role in how a text is perceived and, consequently, how it is marked.
Step 4: Review and Edit
Proofreading is as important as planning. All students should leave five minutes or so at the end of an essay to proofread their text. In doing so they can rectify any mistakes in spelling, grammar, and/or punctuation. Moreover, it is possible to see if the text functions well as a whole. Candidates can, through the act of proofreading, ensure their response meets the task’s purpose and format before moving on to the next section of the exam paper.
Common Mistakes in IGCSE Directed Writing and How to Avoid Them
Ignoring the Task Requirements
The most common mistake made during the CIE IGCSE directed writing task is misreading or ignoring the requirements. This is an unfortunate error that can be easily avoided by highlighting the most essential parts of the prompt, such as the format that response should take, as well as its purpose and audience.
Poor Time Management
As with all examinations, time management is key to success. Poor time management may result in incomplete responses, or responses containing spelling and grammatical errors, errors in punctuation, or problems with structure. Thus, all candidates should practice writing essays under timed conditions to develop their abilities. These sessions should also include time for planning and proofreading.
Overcomplicating Use of Language
It is often thought that the more complicated a person’s language is, the more clever they are. However, this is not the case. Emphasis should be placed on expressing ideas clearly and concisely, rather than overcomplicating expression in an attempt to be perceived as a good writer. Keeping writing simple means it can be understood and properly assessed. The focus for the CIE IGCSE directed writing task should always be on clarity and conciseness over complex vocabulary and syntax.
Example of a Weak IGCSE English Directed Writing Response
Below are the opening paragraphs of a student response to a directed writing task. The prompt required candidates to compose a letter in response to an article discussing screen time among young people.
Dear Digital Trends,
Your magazine made an article recently called “Are screens scrambling our kids' brains?” and I thought it was interesting. But, there were some problems with it, too. Let me explain.
The article talks about how kids should only use tech for two hours a day. The reason is because if they used technology too much they could end up becoming overweight somehow. But the problem is that the source for this information is old and that means it is probably out of date and not that useful anymore for us. The study’s not even really about technology at all so why quote it? It should really be up to the parents to decide anyway.
The issues with this response are quite obvious. The response lacks the correct format of a formal letter. There are no addresses listed, nor is there a subject line. Additionally, the language is far too informal. Beginning a sentence with ‘but’ can be appropriate for informal writing, however, it is not when composing a letter to a magazine. Moreover, the rhetorical question is poorly executed and the use of contractions is not recommended.
Example of a Strong IGCSE English Directed Writing Response
The following is a stronger version of the student’s response.
17 Floor, Methodist House,
36 Hennessy Road, Wan Chai
Hong Kong
Digital Trends,
14 Industry Park, Kowloon Tong
Hong Kong
Subject: A response to “Are screens scrambling our kids' brains?”
Dear Digital Trends,
Your recently published article, entitled “Are screens scrambling our kids' brains?” posed a number of interesting arguments. However, there are certain issues that should be raised with regard to this article.
The article writes how the American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) recommends maximum two hours of entertainment screen time daily. This is a reasonable statement as there is a relationship between excessive screen time and obesity. However, it should be noted that the AAP’s study is 25 years old and focused on nutrition in children rather than technology’s impact. Thus, to reference it with regard to the negative influence technology can have on younger people is somewhat disingenuous. Ultimately, the recommendation that screen time be limited to two hours is sound with regard to younger children, yet may need to be revised by parents as their child grows. This is because older children increasingly use devices for socialising and may be more mature in handling their content consumption.
Here, readers can see a response worthy of higher markers. The format of a letter is properly adhered to in this extract. Moreover, the tone and language is far more appropriate. The writer’s authorial voice is commanding and speaks to a confidence that aids in achieving higher marks.